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        <h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>为什么折腾了这么久<code>Linux</code>, 才想起来整一个博文呢? 这要感谢<code>Arch Linux</code>的日常崩溃<a id="more"></a>, 导致我每次重新配置环境都要想半天, 我之前那个软件是怎么装上的. 后来实在受不了, 索性抛弃了<code>Arch</code>转向了稍微友好一点的<code>Manjaro</code>. 于是我决定写一篇博文, 免得<code>Manjaro</code>哪天抽风了又要忙活好久. 不过还是得感叹一下<code>Manjaro</code>的稳定性.</p>
<h1 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h1><h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>由于某些软件和游戏的原因, 暂时还是脱离不了<code>Windows</code>的怀抱. 虚拟机的体验太差了, 于是经过多方面考虑, 最终决定采用双系统的办法. 首先在<code>Windows</code>上用自带的磁盘管理或者其他的分区工具找好地方, 开辟一个<code>100GB</code>左右的空间出来, 然后从镜像站嫖来最新版的<code>Snapshot</code>镜像, 用<code>Ultra ISO</code>以<code>RAW</code>的格式写进一个空间足够大的U盘里, 开机从U盘启动, 安装过程一切顺利. <code>UEFI</code>的启动方式需要把硬盘上第一个<code>FAT32</code>分区挂载到<code>/boot/efi</code>上, 千万不要手抖选择格式化, 否则你就要失去亲爱的<code>Windows</code>了.</p>
<p>其他的设置无需多说了, Office套件我选择的是<code>Libre Office</code>, 毕竟从现在来说这个发行版是最稳定的, 没有其他一些奇奇怪怪的问题, 同时也比<code>Open Office</code>颜值高那么一点.</p>
<p>桌面环境当然首选<code>KDE</code>啊, 使用不习惯<code>Gnome</code>的操作逻辑. 并且既然是要配置一个自己舒服的桌面环境, 高度可配置的<code>KDE</code>当然是第一选择.</p>
<h2 id="基本配置"><a href="#基本配置" class="headerlink" title="基本配置"></a>基本配置</h2><h3 id="软件源"><a href="#软件源" class="headerlink" title="软件源"></a>软件源</h3><p>因为校内网有镜像站, 所以需要修改一下软件源, 这样就可以很方便的安装软件, 进行后面的配置.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在最上面按照格式添加学校的镜像站, 然后打开<code>/etc/pacman.conf</code>添加<code>Archlinuxcn</code>源:</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="section">[archlinuxcn]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">Server</span> = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/<span class="variable">$arch</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后执行</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -Syy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>来刷新软件源缓存, 然后</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -Syu</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>来将系统更新到最新的版本.</p>
<h3 id="网络加速"><a href="#网络加速" class="headerlink" title="网络加速"></a>网络加速</h3><p>因为配置过程中需要大量使用<code>GitHub</code>, 所以我们修改一下<code>/etc/hosts</code>文件, 以更快的从<code>GitHub</code>下载软件.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo nano /etc/hosts</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后用<code>dig</code>或者<code>nslookup</code>指令找出<code>GitHub</code>相关域名的IP地址. 2019年11月3日可用的IP如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># <span class="selector-tag">GitHub</span> <span class="selector-tag">Start</span></span><br><span class="line">192<span class="selector-class">.30</span><span class="selector-class">.253</span><span class="selector-class">.112</span> <span class="selector-tag">github</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">192<span class="selector-class">.30</span><span class="selector-class">.253</span><span class="selector-class">.119</span> <span class="selector-tag">gist</span><span class="selector-class">.github</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">185<span class="selector-class">.199</span><span class="selector-class">.108</span><span class="selector-class">.153</span> <span class="selector-tag">assets-cdn</span><span class="selector-class">.github</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">raw</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">gist</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">cloud</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">camo</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars0</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars1</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars2</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars3</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars4</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars5</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars6</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars7</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line">151<span class="selector-class">.101</span><span class="selector-class">.128</span><span class="selector-class">.133</span> <span class="selector-tag">avatars8</span><span class="selector-class">.githubusercontent</span><span class="selector-class">.com</span></span><br><span class="line"># <span class="selector-tag">GitHub</span> <span class="selector-tag">End</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当然啦, 我可不保证你看到这篇文章的时候这个还管用. 所以找一份最新的, 或者自己用工具找到相关IP才是正确的做法.</p>
<h3 id="基本软件"><a href="#基本软件" class="headerlink" title="基本软件"></a>基本软件</h3><h4 id="开发环境"><a href="#开发环境" class="headerlink" title="开发环境"></a>开发环境</h4><p>这里的开发环境指的是各种语言的编译环境.</p>
<p>使用以下指令安装几个比较常见的编译工具:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S gcc clang python python2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>java可以用</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yay jdk</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>来选择自己想用的版本. 博主用的是openjdk1.8.0, 因为Minecraft可以用这个版本跑起来 ( 手动狗头 )</p>
<h4 id="Shell-Fish"><a href="#Shell-Fish" class="headerlink" title="Shell: Fish"></a>Shell: Fish</h4><p>对, 你没有看错, 这是一条鱼. 笔者的<code>Shell</code>使用本来受到<code>Arch Linux</code>的习惯影响, 是使用<code>zsh</code>作为自己的<code>Shell</code>的, 但是经过<code>Konge</code>学长的推荐, 尝试了这个号称宇宙第一<code>Shell</code>的<code>Fish</code>. 果不其然, 用户体验良好, 准备常驻了.</p>
<p>要安装<code>Fish</code>, 只需要:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S fish</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后在终端里输入<code>fish</code>就可以进入然后开启快乐旅程了.</p>
<p>我们把<code>fish</code>设为默认的<code>Shell</code>. 首先打开<code>Konsole</code>的配置方案管理, 编辑配置方案, 启动命令从<code>/bin/bash</code>换成<code>/bin/fish</code>. 接着重启<code>Konsole</code>. 然后把用户的默认<code>shell</code>也换成<code>fish</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/fish root</span><br><span class="line">$ sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/fish [username]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>fish</code>每次启动时都会有打招呼内容, 我们用以下命令来自定义这句话:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="built_in">set</span> fish_greeting <span class="string">'Your Greeting Words'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>对<code>fish</code>进行配置是十分人性化的, 只需要输入<code>fish_config</code>就可以了, 然后<code>fish</code>会打开本地的一个端口并启动浏览器, 以可视化的方式呈现出<code>fish</code>的各项配置. 功能设置十分的详细. 按照自己的喜好调整好就可了.</p>
<h4 id="包管理器-yay"><a href="#包管理器-yay" class="headerlink" title="包管理器: yay"></a>包管理器: yay</h4><p>要充分发挥<code>Arch</code>系Linux的强大之处, 没有<code>AUR</code>怎么能行呢? 所以我们安装<code>yay</code>作为辅助<code>pacman</code>的包管理器.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S yay</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>今后安装软件如果不清楚名称, 就可以</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ yay [Package Name]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>来进行搜索, 然后很方便的安装了.</p>
<h4 id="终端编辑器-Vim"><a href="#终端编辑器-Vim" class="headerlink" title="终端编辑器: Vim"></a>终端编辑器: Vim</h4><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>即可安装<code>vim</code>. 我大概不用介绍<code>vim</code>了吧… 这可是一个很知名的编辑器呀.</p>
<p>为了让<code>vim</code>更加的好用, 我们可以使用<a href="https://spacevim.org/cn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SpaceVim</a>来改善自己的用户体验. 如何安装请参照官网使用指南, 在此不再赘述.</p>
<h4 id="浏览器-Chrome"><a href="#浏览器-Chrome" class="headerlink" title="浏览器: Chrome"></a>浏览器: Chrome</h4><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S google-chrome</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>用<code>Chrome</code>完全是笔者的个人习惯, <code>Manjaro</code>自带的<code>FireFox</code>十分的优秀, 如果对浏览器没什么习惯的用<code>FireFox</code>完全可以.</p>
<h4 id="GUI代码编辑器-Visual-Studio-Code"><a href="#GUI代码编辑器-Visual-Studio-Code" class="headerlink" title="GUI代码编辑器: Visual Studio Code"></a>GUI代码编辑器: Visual Studio Code</h4><p>经过微软的开源和诸多开发者的贡献之后, Visual Studio Code现在已经无愧于最强代码编辑器的称号了. (当然, 博主并不是在这里引战, 如果你非要用Sublime或者Atom也莫得关系) ArchlinuxCN源中有vscode的二进制版.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S visual-studio-code-bin</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>装好之后打开插件搜索chinese装一下中文包, 英语超级优秀的同学请忽略此句.</p>
<p>我一般会对VSCode进行一点小配置, 然后装一些插件. 这里推荐使用Fira Code作为字体并开启字体连字, 某些符号看起来真的无比舒服.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.hanselman.com/blog/content/binary/Windows-Live-Writer/06e959c4fe7a_BA10/image_db854752-00fd-46d9-adb4-95292dece6a4.png" alt="firacode.png"></p>
<p>还有一些插件, 博主大一学习, 装的插件有C/C++, Red Hat提供的java扩展, python,  intellicode, LeetCode, DailyAnime和VSC Netease music.</p>
<h3 id="扩展软件"><a href="#扩展软件" class="headerlink" title="扩展软件"></a>扩展软件</h3><h4 id="下拉式终端-Tilda"><a href="#下拉式终端-Tilda" class="headerlink" title="下拉式终端: Tilda"></a>下拉式终端: Tilda</h4><p>本来<code>Manjaro</code>是自带了一个<code>Yakuake</code>下拉式终端, 但是我实在是用不习惯, 并且它的显示有时候会出些问题. 因此我卸载了<code>Yakuake</code>装了<code>Tilda</code>. 打开设置, 在设置 &gt; 开机和关机 &gt; 自动启动里添加启动项, 并选择应用程序, 输入<code>Tilda</code>并开启.</p>
<p>在桌面上直接敲<code>Tilda</code>, 可以从KDE的快速启动器中启动<code>Tilda</code>. 启动后我们可以进行一些设置, 比如透明度, 颜色, 启动命令, 延迟, 自动隐藏规则等等.</p>
<h4 id="应用程序启动器-Latte-Dock"><a href="#应用程序启动器-Latte-Dock" class="headerlink" title="应用程序启动器: Latte-Dock"></a>应用程序启动器: Latte-Dock</h4><p>虽然我没有用过<code>Mac OS X</code>, 但是对其高效的桌面念念不忘. 同时我又想节省一下空间, <code>Windows</code>下面, 厚重的任务栏就占去了一部分屏幕, 标题栏又削一层, 菜单栏又削一层… 最后留给应用程序的显示空间就少了不必要的一部分. 于是我想找到一种办法, 把菜单, 标题, 状态栏集中在一个<code>bar</code>上面, 任务栏没办法, 要保证同时可用性, 就只能弄一个<code>dock</code>当任务栏, 在窗口活动时自动隐藏了. <code>Latte Dock</code>原生和KDE集成在一起, 通过它可以享受很棒的<code>dock</code>.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S latte-dock</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>按照和<code>tilda</code>同样的方法把<code>latte-dock</code>也设置为自动启动, 然后在快速启动器里面输入<code>latte</code>并回车, 就可以看见<code>dock</code>了. 然后把任务栏拖动到屏幕上方, 右键任务栏配置面板, 把开始菜单和任务管理器, 虚拟桌面都删掉, 留下显示桌面和状态栏即可. 然后在面板左侧添加空白. 然后添加控件, 选择全屏的应用程序启动面板, 并拖动到<code>Latte-Dock</code>的第一个位置. <code>Latte-Dock</code>的默认隐藏策略就很智能, 无需单独配置. 在添加控件的侧栏下方安装新控件, 搜索<code>Application Title</code>并安装, 然后配置任务栏那一行, 拖动全局菜单到最左侧, 旁边插入空白, 再插入<code>Application Title</code>, 再插入空白, 最后是状态栏等控件.</p>
<p>最后我们想办法, 把最大化窗口的标题栏去掉. 在<code>./.config/kwinrc</code>中找到<code>[Windows]</code>的选项, 然后按照以下方式配置:</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="section">[Windows]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">BorderlessMaximizedWindows</span>=<span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorderCooldown</span>=<span class="number">350</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorderCornerRatio</span>=<span class="number">0.25</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorderDelay</span>=<span class="number">150</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorderMaximize</span>=<span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorderTiling</span>=<span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ElectricBorders</span>=<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">RollOverDesktops</span>=<span class="literal">true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>配置完成后的效果大概如图所示.</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/11/03/39OkRIvcPWSyeHp.png" alt="blog2.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/11/03/hr6Ea92FSNxWKQ1.png" alt="blog3.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/11/03/1xjCIT9O7YlNewS.png" alt="blog1.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/11/03/ja5GEbLqzo73yxn.png" alt="blog4.png"></p>
<h4 id="输入法-Fcitx-pinyin"><a href="#输入法-Fcitx-pinyin" class="headerlink" title="输入法: Fcitx-pinyin"></a>输入法: Fcitx-pinyin</h4><p>作为中国人, 配置了这么久才发现自己连中文输入都不能… 那怎么能行, 当然要装一下中文输入法了.</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo pacman -S fcitx-im fcitx-configtool</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这条指令会安装<code>fcitx</code>和<code>fcitx</code>的图形化管理界面. 但是安装好后依旧无法输入中文, 这个时候先把<code>fcitx</code>设为开机启动, 然后终端输入<code>fcitx-diagnose</code>运行诊断, 然后按照诊断来进行配置和修复. 一般情况下你只要配置一下<code>$HOME/.xprofile</code>这个文件就好了, 在下面添加如下内容 ( 如果没有这个文件就新建一个 ):</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx</span><br><span class="line">export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx</span><br><span class="line">export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"</span><br><span class="line">export SAL_USE_VCLPLUGIN=gtk</span><br><span class="line">export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>注销后重新登录就可以使用了.</p>
<p>画个节点, 过两天继续更新.</p>

      
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